What is the Slope of a Ramp?
Simply put, the slope is the ratio of the vertical height to the horizontal distance of a ramp, but this ratio can be presented in different ways.
For example, a rise of 20 units in vertical height over 100 units of horizontal distance can be expressed as:
As a ratio, approximately 1:5.
As a percentage, 20%.
As an angle, approximately 11°.
Additionally, we need to understand that the greater the slope, the steeper the ramp.
For example, a 1:12 ramp is steeper than a 1:15 ramp;
a 20% slope is steeper than a 15% slope;
a 45° slope is steeper than a 35° slope.
What is an Appropriate Slope for a Ramp?
Strictly speaking, there is no precise answer. However, we can get a rough idea of the most suitable ramp slope by looking at the most common ramp usage scenarios.
Slope for Assistive Devices:Assistive devices include wheelchairs and walkers.
When pushing a wheelchair, the force required is directly proportional to the slope. The steeper the slope, the greater the force needed.
A 1:12 slope is considered suitable for most people to push a manual wheelchair safely and effectively without excessive exertion.
The 1:12 ratio comes from:
According to the American Disabilities Act (ADA) standards, to ensure the safety of ramps used by wheelchairs and handcarts, the slope is typically required to be 1:12, meaning a rise of 1 unit for every 12 units of horizontal distance.
Building codes in other countries and regions have similar requirements to ensure ramp safety and usability. This standard ensures that ramp users can use it safely and comfortably without exerting excessive force or risking slipping.
How to Choose the Right Slope When Buying a Wheelchair Ramp?
Generally speaking, when buying a portable ramp, the 1:12 ratio can serve as a reference, but several factors need to be considered to make a comprehensive choice.
1.The condition of the wheelchair user
Is the user relatively healthy, and what is their weight? If the wheelchair's total weight is heavy, it will require more force to push it up the ramp. In such cases, a smaller slope (more gentle ramp) is easier to navigate. Therefore, a slope of 1:10 or 1:12 can be considered.
2.Is there an accompanying person?
If the wheelchair user is moving out alone, a 1:12 slope is preferable, and the longer the ramp, the better, as it will be more gentle and easier to use. If there is someone assisting the user, then a 1:10 or 1:8 slope can also be suitable.
3.Type of wheelchair
Generally, electric wheelchairs can handle shorter ramps than manual wheelchairs. Refer to the user manual or specifications of the electric wheelchair to understand its maximum acceptable slope. Manufacturers typically provide relevant data.
4.Type of steps
For higher steps or even stairs, consider the length of the ramp—the longer, the safer. For lower steps or thresholds, a reasonable slope will suffice.
Slope for Handcarts
There is no definitive conclusion for the slope of handcarts, as there are many types and no unified standard.
However, the 1:12 slope can still be used as a reference. This ratio is commonly used in the design of barrier-free facilities to ensure that handcarts can be used safely and easily on ramps.
For higher or lighter handcarts, a slightly steeper slope may be acceptable, but it should not exceed 1:6.
Before actual use, it is best to test the ramp without a load to ensure it can be used smoothly.
Slope for Vehicles
Common issues in everyday life include:
A. Car bumpers getting scraped by the ramp.
B. Motorcycles scraping their undercarriage while being pushed over the ramp.
Many of these issues arise from not choosing a ramp with an appropriate slope.
The maximum acceptable slope for cars and motorcycles varies depending on the vehicle type and load weight.
Generally, ordinary passenger cars can handle slopes of 15-25%, while heavy trucks may only manage 10-15%.
In contrast, motorcycles can usually handle or be pushed over higher slopes, but for safety, the ramp slope should not exceed 25%.
Pay attention to the angle and method of driving or pushing the motorcycle.
Attention:
1.Refer to the vehicle's user manual or specifications to understand its maximum acceptable slope. Manufacturers usually provide relevant data.
2.Ramp User Manuals.
Reviewing the ramp's user manual can help determine if it is suitable for passage.
3.Testing and Evaluation.
Under safe conditions, actual testing can be conducted to evaluate how the vehicle performs on different slopes. Ensure appropriate safety measures are taken during testing.